Which procedure would you utilize when treating an HIV/AIDS patient?

Which procedure would you utilize when treating an HIV/AIDS patient?

Answer: Disposable barriers

In HIV/AIDS, which cell in the immune system is changed, replicated and then destroyed?

In HIV/AIDS, which cell in the immune system is changed, replicated and then destroyed?

Answer: T-4 (T-helper lymphocytes)

Which results of blood work do you need to know?

Which results of blood work do you need to know?

Answer:

a. CD4+ T lymphocytes
b. Viral Load

What is the recommended length of time for taking PEP meds for maximum effectiveness?

What is the recommended length of time for taking PEP meds for maximum effectiveness?

Answer: 4 weeks

For the best results, how soon should PEP be administered after an exposure if deemed necessary?

For the best results, how soon should PEP be administered after an exposure if deemed necessary?

Answer: within 2 hours

List the four steps of exposure protocol (for percutaneous or mucosal splash exposure):

List the four steps of exposure protocol (for percutaneous or mucosal splash exposure):

a. Local wash with soap and water
b. Flush eyes, mucous membrane with water or saline
c. Assessment of risk, counseling
d. Exposure report with details
i. In employee's confidential medical file

List the body fluids that do not have HIV or have insufficient amounts to cause an infection:

List the body fluids that do not have HIV or have insufficient amounts to cause an infection:

a. Saliva (non-bloody)
b. Tears
c. Sweat
d. Urine and Feces (non-bloody)
e. Vomitus

List the potentially infectious body fluids:

List the potentially infectious body fluids:

a. Blood
b. Visibly bloody fluids
c. Semen, vaginal secretions
d. Cerebrospinal fluid
e. Gingival crevicular fluid
f. Breast milk

How many dental personnel have contracted HIV from occupational exposure?

How many dental personnel have contracted HIV from occupational exposure?

Answer: 0

The risk of occupational exposure is generally through what two modes for health care workers?

The risk of occupational exposure is generally through what two modes for health care workers?

Answer:

a. Percutaneous
b. Mucosal splash

Why is adherence (to HAART) so difficult for patients?

Why is adherence (to HAART) so difficult for patients?

Answer: The medications can cause serious, debilitating side effects

HAART, now referred to as ART, has an approximate 38% probability (according to a survey in 2008) of the patient delaying or refusing use. What percentage of adherence is critical to obtain good results?

HAART, now referred to as ART, has an approximate 38% probability (according to a survey in 2008) of the patient delaying or refusing use. What percentage of adherence is critical to obtain good results?

Answer: >95%

What role does the dentist/dental hygienist play at this stage of infection (progression of chronic infection)?

What role does the dentist/dental hygienist play at this stage of infection (progression of chronic infection)?

Answer: They may be the first to see the clinical symptoms of HIV progression. This can result in a referral to an HIV-experienced MD who can start managing the disease before it reaches an advanced stage.

Describe the progression of chronic HIV infection.

Describe the progression of chronic HIV infection.

Answer:

Progression = CD4↓(important diagnostically) and V.L.(viral load)↑
Progressive immune suppression
Clinical symptoms may present at CD4 <400 (important diagnostically)
Oral Candidiasis may be first symptom
Other symptoms include fatigue, night sweats, PGL, weight loss, diarrhea

What are the top four signs and symptoms of a primary HIV infection?

What are the top four signs and symptoms of a primary HIV infection?

Answer:

a. Mild fever
b. Maculopapular rash
c. Lymphadenopathy
d. Oral manifestations

While the CD4 count drops substantially, what happens to the number of virions (viral load) in the blood?

While the CD4 count drops substantially, what happens to the number of virions (viral load) in the blood?

Answer: It increases

Briefly explain in your own words the difference between HIV and AIDS.

Briefly explain in your own words the difference between HIV and AIDS.

Answer: a. HIV is the viral infection that is acquired. IF the HIV infection progresses to a late stage HIV disease then it will manifest in AIDS which is in the form of various diseases.

What are the most common intraoral symptoms associated with HIV infection (3 types)? List examples of the three types: (including most common oral infection, examples of viral infections, and the 3 most common periodontal infections)

What are the most common intraoral symptoms associated with HIV infection (3 types)? List examples of the three types: (including most common oral infection, examples of viral infections, and the 3 most common periodontal infections)

c. Fungal infections
i. Oral Candidiasis- most frequently occurring oral infection
d. Viral infections
i. Ex: herpes simplex, oral hairy leukoplakia, oral lesions of VZV, human papilloma virus, and cytomegalovirus ulcurs
e. Bacterial infections: Gingival and periodontal infections
i. Linear gingival erythema
ii. Necrotizing Ulcerative gingivitis
iii. Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis

As the count of indicator cells decreases, the symptoms of disease and the incidence of oral infections or oral lesions related to the HIV infection______________.

As the count of indicator cells decreases, the symptoms of disease and the incidence of oral infections or oral lesions related to the HIV infection______________.

Answer: increase

At what level does the CD4+ T cell count indicate late-stage disease or AIDS infection?

At what level does the CD4+ T cell count indicate late-stage disease or AIDS infection?

Answer: <200 mm3