What are the seven components of criticisms?

What are the seven components of criticisms?

1. Source and funding of research
2. Who had contact with the participants
3. Sample and sampling procedure
4. Exact measures / wording of questions
5. Study setting
6. Pre-existing differences among participants
7. Extent or size of effects/differences

A researcher selects a sample of 100 people to investigate the relationship between gender (male/female) and registering to vote. The sample consists of 40 females, of whom 30 are registered voters, and 60 males, of whom 40 are registered voters. If these data were used for a chi-square test for independence, what is the expected frequency for registered females?

A researcher selects a sample of 100 people to investigate the relationship between gender (male/female) and registering to vote. The sample consists of 40 females, of whom 30 are registered voters, and 60 males, of whom 40 are registered voters. If these data were used for a chi-square test for independence, what is the expected frequency for registered females?

a. 42
b. 12
c. 40
d. 28


Answer: d. 28

A chi-square test for independence has df = 2. What is the total number of categories (cells in the matrix) that were used to classify individuals in the sample?

A chi-square test for independence has df = 2. What is the total number of categories (cells in the matrix) that were used to classify individuals in the sample?

a. 2
b. 4
c. 3
d. 6


Answer: d. 6

What is stated by the null hypothesis for the chi-square test for independence?

What is stated by the null hypothesis for the chi-square test for independence?

a. Both variables have the same frequency distribution.
b. There is a relationship between the two variables.
c. There is no relationship between the two variables.
d. The two variables have different frequency distributions.


Answer: c. There is no relationship between the two variables.