Archive for February 2021

What do you need to know/teach about TCAs?

What do you need to know/teach about TCAs?Answer: Use cautiously in older adults and those with cardiac disorders, elevated intraocular pressure,...

What is the action of MAOIs?

What is the action of MAOIs?Answer: Inhibits the enzyme monoamine oxidase, which breaksdown neurotransmitters, including serotonin and norepinep...

Name some examples of MAOIs.

Name some examples of MAOIs.Answer: Phenelzine (Nardil), Selegiline (Transdermal Sytemic Patch EMSAM), Tranylcypromine (Parna...

Name some examples of TCAs.

Name some examples of TCAs.Answer: Amitriptyline (Elavil), Clomipramine (Anafranil), Desipramine (Norpramin), Doxepin (Adapin, Sinequan), Imipramine...

What are the side effects of TCAs?

What are the side effects of TCAs?Answer: Dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, orthostatic hypotension, cardiac toxicity,...

What do you need to know/teach about SNDIs?

What do you need to know/teach about SNDIs?Answer: Contraindicated in people taking MAOIs, Drug induced somnolence exaggerated by alcohol, benzodiazepines,...

What is the action of TCAs?

What is the action of TCAs?Inhibits the re-uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine. Antagonizes adrenergic, histaominergic, and muscarinic recept...

What are the side effects of SNDIs?

What are the side effects of SNDIs?Answer: Weight gain, sedation, dizziness, headache, sexual dysfunction is r...

What are the side effects of NDRIs?

What are the side effects of NDRIs?Answer: Agitation, insomnia, headache, nausea and vomiting, seizures (0....

What do you need to know/teach about NDRIs?

What do you need to know/teach about NDRIs?Answer: High doses increase seizure risk, contraindicated in people taking MAOIs, used as an aid to quit...

What do you need to know/teach about SNRIs?

What do you need to know/teach about SNRIs?Answer: Monitor BP with Effexor, contraindicated in people taking MAOIs, Effexor is a popular next-step...

What are the side effects of SNRIs?

What are the side effects of SNRIs?Answer: HTN (with venlafexine), nausea, insomnia, dry mouth, sweating, agitation, headache, sexual dysfunct...

What is the action of SNRIs?

What is the action of SNRIs?Answer: Blocks the re-uptake of serotonin and norepinephr...

Name some examples of SNRI drugs?

Name some examples of SNRI drugs?Answer: Venlafaxine (effexor) and Duloxetine (Cymbal...

Name some examples of SSRI drugs?

Name some examples of SSRI drugs?Answer: Citalopram (Celexa), Escitalopram (Lexapro), Fluoxetine (Prozac), Fluvoxamine (Luvox), Paraxetine (Paxil),...

What are the side effects of SSRIs?

What are the side effects of SSRIs?Answer: Agitation, insomnia, headache, nausea and vomiting, sexual dysfunction, and hyponatre...

What is the action of SSRIs?

What is the action of SSRIs?Answer: Blocks the re-uptake of seroto...

An 81-year-old male with arteriosclerosis and a long-standing history of taking Coumadin presents to his physician's Office for his biweekly prothrombin time (PT) test. The PT test is one of the most common hemostasis tests used as a presurgery screening and monitoring Coumadin (warfarin) therapy. This test evaluates

An 81-year-old male with arteriosclerosis and a long-standing history of taking Coumadin presents to his physician's Office for his biweekly prothrombin...

A 13-year-old patient is brought to her pediatrician with a 2-week history of fatigue, an occasional low-grade fever, and malaise. The pediatrician indicates it is a possible infection but needs to know what type of infection. She orders a hematology laboratory test to determine the relative number and percentage of each type of leukocytes. This test is referred to as a

A 13-year-old patient is brought to her pediatrician with a 2-week history of fatigue, an occasional low-grade fever, and malaise. The pediatrician indicates...

A 62-year-old female presents to her family doctor complaining of fatigue; constantly feeling cold, especially in her hands and feet; weakness; and pallor. 02 must be transported to the cells and exchanged with C02, which is then transported back to the lungs to be expelled. A hematology laboratory test that evaluates the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is referred to as

A 62-year-old female presents to her family doctor complaining of fatigue; constantly feeling cold, especially in her hands and feet; weakness; and pallor....

Coronary arteries may become blocked, either partially or totally, due to athereosclerosis and lead to an AMI. Which of the following procedures would be used to improve the coronary blood flow by building an alternate route for the blood to bypass the blockage by inserting a portion of another blood vessel, typically the saphenous vein?

Coronary arteries may become blocked, either partially or totally, due to athereosclerosis and lead to an AMI. Which of the following procedures would...

A stapedectomy is a common treatment for

A stapedectomy is a common treatment forA. atherosclerosis.B. multiple sclerosis.C. otosclerosis.D. scoliosis.Answer:&nbs...

Full-blown AIDS sets in as

Full-blown AIDS sets in asA. CD4 receptors increase.B. helper T-cell concentrations decrease.C. HIV virus concentrations decrease.D. immunity to HIV ...

Sam Spade has been severely injured in an MVA because he was not wearing a seat belt. The organ in his body, situated at the upper left of his abdominal cavity, under the ribs, that is part of his lymphatic system has been ruptured, and he is bleeding internally. Sam needs a surgical procedure known as

Sam Spade has been severely injured in an MVA because he was not wearing a seat belt. The organ in his body, situated at the upper left of his abdominal...

Sex-linked genetic diseases

Sex-linked genetic diseasesA. are transmitted during sexual activity.B. involve a defect on a chromosome.C. occur equally between males and females.D....

Rheumatoid arthritis typically affects the

Rheumatoid arthritis typically affects theA. intervertebral disks. B. hips and shoulders.C. knees and small joints of the hands and feet.D. large,...

Impetigo can be

Impetigo can beA. spread through autoinoculation. B. caused by Streptococcus pyogenes. C. caused by Staphylococcus aureus.D. either A or B....

Microbiological lab culture and sensitivity tests were performed on the skin scrapings of a groin lesion on a 27-year-old male patient who presented to a local health department clinic. The results confirm infection with Treponema pallidum. He was given a prescription for penicillin and told to return for a follow-up visit in 2 weeks. His diagnosis is

Microbiological lab culture and sensitivity tests were performed on the skin scrapings of a groin lesion on a 27-year-old male patient who presented to...

A 37-year-old female goes to her family physician complaining of dysuria, urgency, fever, and malaise. A UA is performed and upon gross examination is found to be turbid and has an unusual odor. Microscopic examination reveals a rod-shaped microorganism. A 24-hour culture produces a colony count greater than 100,000/mL of Escherichia coli. This would indicate a diagnosis of

A 37-year-old female goes to her family physician complaining of dysuria, urgency, fever, and malaise. A UA is performed and upon gross examination is...

Genital warts are caused by

Genital warts are caused byA. HAV.B. HIV.C. HPV. D. VZV.Answer:&nbs...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the organism that causes tuberculosis (TB), typically a respiratory disorder. It is currently experiencing resurgence in the United States and many other countries. What is the average timeframe in which all patients with new, previously untreated TB must have daily antibiotic therapy?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the organism that causes tuberculosis (TB), typically a respiratory disorder. It is currently experiencing resurgence in...

Most carbon dioxide is carried in the

Most carbon dioxide is carried in theA. blood as C02 gas.B. blood bound to hemoglobin.C. blood plasma in the form of carbonic acid.D. red blood cells...

A common cardiac glycoside medication that increases the force of the cardiac contraction without increasing the oxygen consumption, thereby increasing the cardiac output is typically given to patients with heart failure. However, a very narrow therapeutic window between effectiveness and toxicity and the patient must be monitored closely. This common cardiac medication is

A common cardiac glycoside medication that increases the force of the cardiac contraction without increasing the oxygen consumption, thereby increasing...

Diastole occurs when

Diastole occurs whenA. cardiac insufficiency is present. B. the atria contracts.C. the ventricles contract.D. the ventricles fill.Answer:&nbs...

Which of the following is a lethal arrhythmia?

Which of the following is a lethal arrhythmia?A. atrial fibrillation B. atrial tachycardiaC. bradycardiaD. ventricular fibrillationAnswer:&nbs...

Etiologies of dementia include

Etiologies of dementia includeA. brain tumors.B. ischemia.C. trauma.D. all of the above.Answer:&nbs...

A treatment for sensorineural hearing loss is

A treatment for sensorineural hearing loss is A. cochlear implants.B. myringotomy.C. removal of impacted cerumen.D. stapedectomy.Answer:&nbs...

An African American couple are undergoing genetic counseling to determine the likelihood of producing children with a recessively genetic blood condition. The genetic tests reveal that the father carries the trait to produce abnormal hemoglobin, HbS, which causes crystallization in RBCs and deforms their shape when 02 is low. This condition causes painful crises and multiple infarcts and is termed

An African American couple are undergoing genetic counseling to determine the likelihood of producing children with a recessively genetic blood condition....

02 is carried in the blood

02 is carried in the bloodA. bound to hemoglobin.B. in the form of carbonic acid.C. plasma.D. serum.Answer:&nbs...

The etiology of aplastic anemia is

The etiology of aplastic anemia isA. acute blood loss.B. bone marrow failure.C. chronic blood loss.D. inadequate iron intake.Answer:&nbs...

How can Graves' disease be treated?

How can Graves' disease be treated?A. antithyroid drugs B. radioactive iodine therapyC. surgery D. all of the aboveAnswer:&nbs...

Diabetic microvascular disease occurs

Diabetic microvascular disease occursA. as a direct result of elevated serum glucose.B. as a result of elevated fat in blood.C. due to damage to nerve...

The most fatal type of lung cancer is

The most fatal type of lung cancer isA. adenocarcinoma.B. large cell cancer.C. small cell cancer.D. squamous cell cancer.Answer:&nbs...

A 19-year-old college student, who lives on campus in a dormitory, is brought to the ER by his roommates, complaining of a severe headache, nuchal rigidity, fever, and photophobia. The ER physician performs an LP and orders a CSF analysis with a bacterial culture and sensitivity. The young man is admitted to the ICU with a provisional diagnosis of

A 19-year-old college student, who lives on campus in a dormitory, is brought to the ER by his roommates, complaining of a severe headache, nuchal rigidity,...

A pharyngeal culture is taken from a 13-year-old male patient presenting to the ER with fever, painful cervical lymph nodes, purulent tonsillar exudate, and difficulty swallowing. A blood agar culture plate shows complete hemolysis around Streptococcus pyogenes bacterial colonies. The patient is given a prescription for erythromycin. The diagnosis in this case is

A pharyngeal culture is taken from a 13-year-old male patient presenting to the ER with fever, painful cervical lymph nodes, purulent tonsillar exudate,...

Ingrid Anderson presents with a skin infection that began as a raised, itchy bump, resembling an insect bite. Within 1 to 2 days, it developed into a vesicle. Now it is a painless ulcer, about 2 cm in diameter, with a black necrotic area in the center. During the history, her doctor learns that she has recently returned from an overseas vacation and becomes concerned that she may have become infected with anthrax. He will prescribe an

Ingrid Anderson presents with a skin infection that began as a raised, itchy bump, resembling an insect bite. Within 1 to 2 days, it developed into a...

A patient being treated for an MI has been transferred to a step-down unit from the intensive care unit. She uses the call bell as often as every 15 minutes. Each time a staff member responds, the patient complains about her care or makes a seemingly small request. Several staff tell the primary nurse that the patient is "obnoxious" and that they feel inadequate because they can never seem to satisfy her needs. The primary nurse can be most helpful by:

A patient being treated for an MI has been transferred to a step-down unit from the intensive care unit. She uses the call bell as often as every 15 minutes....

A patient who has been diagnosed with breast cancer has many questions related to surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The nurse provides education about the disease and treatments but perceives that the patient has further questions about coping with day-to-day situations. The action of greatest benefit to the patient would be:

A patient who has been diagnosed with breast cancer has many questions related to surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. The nurse provides education...

A middle-class family is talking with the nurse about the impact a seriously mental ill son has had on the family. Insurance has only partially covered treatment expenses, and the family has spent much of their savings to care for him. The patient's younger sister mentions she feels lost because her parents are so focused on her brother that it seems as though they have no time for her. The parents are concerned that when the siblings move out and they themselves become aged, there will be no one to care for the patient. Which response would be most helpful?

A middle-class family is talking with the nurse about the impact a seriously mental ill son has had on the family. Insurance has only partially covered...

A patient with paranoid schizophrenia and anosognosia has had several hospitalizations. He responds quickly to antipsychotic medication but stops taking the medication soon after discharge. Discharge planning will include follow-up at the mental health clinic, placement in a group home, and daily attendance at a psychosocial day program. Which medication strategy will most likely be used as he transitions from hospital to community?

A patient with paranoid schizophrenia and anosognosia has had several hospitalizations. He responds quickly to antipsychotic medication but stops taking...

A victim of partner abuse, parent of one child, describes the partner as someone who is easily frustrated and more likely to be abusive after a experiencing an event in which self-esteem is challenged. The most recent episodes of violence were related to feeling "upset" over a job loss. What type of therapy would provide the greatest help to the abuser?

A victim of partner abuse, parent of one child, describes the partner as someone who is easily frustrated and more likely to be abusive after a experiencing...

An 82-year-old widow with Alzheimer's disease lives with her daughter's family, which owns a catering business. During the week, the patient attends a day care center for patients with dementia. During the evenings, members of the family care for the patient. One day, the nurse at the day care center notices the patient's appearance is disheveled and that she startles easily. She has a strong odor of urine, and her hair is uncombed. When the nurse escorts the patient to the bathroom, she notices bruises on her wrists and back. What most likely explains the nurse's observations?

An 82-year-old widow with Alzheimer's disease lives with her daughter's family, which owns a catering business. During the week, the patient attends a...

A patient being treated in the burn injury unit has demonstrated good coping skills for several weeks. Today, a new nurse is assigned to care for him and has proven to be poorly organized. The patient's usual schedule has not been followed, and by midafternoon, he is angry and raises his voice to complain to the nurse clinician. Which course of action for the nurse clinician would be best?

A patient being treated in the burn injury unit has demonstrated good coping skills for several weeks. Today, a new nurse is assigned to care for him...

A patient with severe orthopedic injuries after an automobile accident is irritable, angry, and belittles the nurses who provide his care. While the nurse is changing the dressing over a deep laceration, the patient screams, "Don't touch me! You are so stupid; you're only making it worse!" Which intervention would be most therapeutic?

A patient with severe orthopedic injuries after an automobile accident is irritable, angry, and belittles the nurses who provide his care. While the nurse...

An elderly patient with multi-infarct dementia is striking out with her arms and kicking at people who walk past in the hall. The nurse determines that the patient believes she is at home and that the other patients have broken into her home. The clinical nurse specialist suggests that staff use validation. Which of the following responses reflect this intervention?

An elderly patient with multi-infarct dementia is striking out with her arms and kicking at people who walk past in the hall. The nurse determines that...

A 20-year-old economics major became severely depressed after failing two examinations in economics. She cried for 2 hours, then called her parents who live in a neighboring state, planning to ask if she could return home. However, her parents were in Europe. When her roommate went home for the weekend, the patient gave her three expensive sweaters to keep. Later, the dormitory resident assistant returned a book to the patient's room and found her unconscious on the floor, with an empty pill bottle nearby. The patient behavior that provided a clue to the suicide attempt was:

A 20-year-old economics major became severely depressed after failing two examinations in economics. She cried for 2 hours, then called her parents who...

A woman goes to the airport to pick up her husband, returning from one of many business trips. Persons awaiting his flight are directed to a conference room where airline counselors explain that the flight crashed into the ocean, and it is believed that there are no survivors. The woman tells a counselor that it is too soon to be sure, he might still be alive, clinging to wreckage and waiting to be found. The patient is demonstrating:

A woman goes to the airport to pick up her husband, returning from one of many business trips. Persons awaiting his flight are directed to a conference...

A patient, aged 16 years, comes to the crisis clinic and tells the nurse that an uncle tried to rape her yesterday. The patient had told her mother of the uncle's behavior, but the mother accused the daughter of lying and, contrary to the patient's hopes, indicated she would still allow the uncle to visit the family. The patient describes feeling "all confused" and shows minor lacerations on her forearms to the nurse, which she indicates she did out of desperation rather than a wish to die. Which nursing diagnosis would be most appropriate as her primary diagnosis?

A patient, aged 16 years, comes to the crisis clinic and tells the nurse that an uncle tried to rape her yesterday. The patient had told her mother of...

What are the challenges faced in rural health?

What are the challenges faced in rural health?Answer: The challenges faced in rural health include poverty or poor economic conditions, lack of healthcare...

Discuss the gatekeeping role of primary care.

Discuss the gatekeeping role of primary care.In a gatekeeping system, patients do not visit specialists without a referral from their primary care physicians....

Briefly describe the Medicare Advantage program.

Briefly describe the Medicare Advantage program.Answer: Medicare Advantage is also called Part C, but it does not add specifically-defined new services....
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